Hello.I just want to talk about "Differentiating Instruction for Academic Diversity" which is involved about the technique of teaching in the classroom.

It consists of three parts which are:
-Where we teach?
-What we teach?
-How we teach?

1)Where we teach?
-The classroom must be a place that feels safe to students.A place where their strengths are acknowledged and affirmed, where their weaknessess are dealt with honestly but supportively, where erroers are seen as an important and acceptable part of the learning process, and where the teacher teaches for success.

-The classroom must provide ongoing opportunities for each student to be known by and know the other students,a place where every student is acknowledged in positive ways, a place where each  student feels a connection or affiliation.

-The classroom must accord dignity and respect through basic ecpectations for each learner-attending class regularly, meeting deadlines, demonstrating growth as a learner, displaying a commitment to learning evidenced through hard work, and being a valuable colleague for peers.

-The classroom must be a place where each student's race and culture, gender, experiences, and strengths are not only respected but reflected and valued for their contribution to learning.

-The classroom must be a place where an ethic of hard work-propelled by purpose,joy, and pride-is engendered; where there is continual support for individual growth ;where growth is acknowledged and celebrated; and where clear classroom routines support efficiency, clarity about expectations, and success.

-Both to make time for the teacher to work with individuals and small groups and to develop learner independence and a sense of ownership in learning, the classroom must support shared teaching and learning-a place where everyone has something  academically important to conteibute to others, where everyone has something personally important to contribute to others, where the teacher is a learner, and where students are teachers.



What we teach?
-Curriculum should be clear and focused-the teacher must recognize  and help students master what is essential for learners to know,understand, and be able to do as a result of a learning sequence.

-As the Common Core Standards suggest,curriculum should spotlight high-quality knowledge, ideas, and skills-knowledge, ideas, and skills that lead to competance in the discipline; help students make meaning of the discipline; are valued by experts in the discipline; support retention, retrieval, and transfer of knowledge; lead students toward expertise in the discipline; and necessitate thought, reflection, application, and production on the part of students.

-Curriculum should be invitational-important, illuminating, intriguing, purposeful, and challenging to the individual.

-Curriculum should play a role in developing a hunger for learning .It is a catalyst for developing self-awareness as a learner and for developing habits and attitudes that cause a learner to effectively pursue understanding and skill.



How we teach?
-Instruction must be crafted to maximize the opportunity for the growth and success of each learner in mastering essential knowledge,understanding, and skill.

-To maximize individual growth and success, instruction must be a good fit for the readiness levels, interests, and modes of learning of individual learners.This means the teacher will consistently use formative or on-going assessment to understand learners' readiness levels, interests, and learning preferences in order to make effective instructional plans.

-To maximize individual growth and success, instruction must employ varied modes of presentation, varied approaches to learning, and varied routes for expressing learning-to match both curricular goals and student needs.

-To maximize individual growth and success, instruction will involve a range of student groupings-to allow for a match between learner and what is to be learned, to allow students to work in a variety of contexts to enhance opportunities for success,to "audition" students in different settings in order to understand which approaches to learning work best for different learners, and to allow the teacher to teach in ways more targeted to the needs of individuals and small groups of learners.

-To maximize individual growth and success, instruction will build student-teacher partnerships-for determining approaches that work best,for goal setting, for monitoring growth, and for building scaffolding for success.

Today is week 11 and the date is 14 December 2016.Today, I just want to talk about a topic or issue about a cooperative learning.So,the topic was called "Essential Features Of Cooperative Learning".

Cooperative Learning.
-Cooperative learning is an instructional task design that engages students actively in achieving a lesson objective through their own efforts and the efforts of the members of their small learning team.What distinguishes cooperative learning from other activities that involve working in small groups is a combination of features that weave through an academic task.Different schools of thought propose different ways to name and number these features, but they converge on the basic idea that the structure of the learning task engages students in productive and mutually supportive ways so that all achieve mastery of the lesson objective.In a good cooperative learning lesson, completing the assignment successfully is easier and more engaging to do as a team and more difficult to do any other way.

-Four features have been regularly shown to be central to the success of  any cooperative learning lesson.These features increase students "efforts to achieve".They positively affect such factors as productivity,retention of learning, tome on task, higher-level thinking, transfer of learning, and positive feelings about school.First and foremost is positive interdependence, a spirit of  "all for one and one for all". It may take several forms.Having goal interdependence means that for any individual member to succeed, all must succeed.With reward interdependence the prize or recognition is available to all members of the team when they all achieve a certain standard.For example, each will earn five extra minutes of free time in the library if all improve their scores on the test.Resource interdepence means that each group member has a share of the materials needed to complete the group task, which requires the shares held by all.Role interdependence is what characterized the Cougars's practice session; Each student's role is interlocked with the others' roles.

-Playing jump rope is a good example of positive interdependence:Two people must coordinate hand and arm motions while the third jumps in a pattern.The game goes smoothly only when all three do their jobs properly.Futhermore,the nature of the reward should make it equally available to high and low ability students who work hard and make progress.Interdependence is intrinsically unrewarding if the group is denied access
to rewards because the members have unequal resources for a given task.Recognizing achievement of a standard of growth-rather than absolute achievement-is one way to support interdependence within a team.

-Some models of cooperative learning have highly elaborated roles, while others are fairly simple. All the models that produce improved achievement have built-in positive interdependence.The second key feature is accountability at the group and the individual level.That is,the group cannot succeed unless each member demonstrates success or significant progress.The task structure rewards the group for cooperation and at the same time rewards individuals for achieving lesson objectives.In the opening scenario,for example, the Cougars gain recognition as a team for supporting each other's measureable learning,while each member of the team gains recognition for progress and absolute achievement.Whatever form team recognition takes,teams cannot earn it unless they work together and prove their effectiveness by means of individual growth.Slavin has conducted extensive research in this area and consistently comes up with evidence supporting the same conclusions:Grading strategies must be based on individual achivement and team rewards must be based on individual growth if cooperative learning is to work well.Every person who has worked on a team without individual accountability has stories to tell about "hitchhikers" who let the hard workers do what needed to be done and coasted along on others' efforts.Hitchhikers don't learn; workers learn.If every student is to succeed,lesson activities must promote every student's work at learning.

-The third essential feature is what the Johnsons call "face-to-face promotive interaction"-the acts of helping each other learn. Fine-tuned studies of what exactly goes on in successful cooperative groups have found that explaining what one knows is positively associated with mastery.Now,one  might normally assume that the smart students who know more also get to explain more and, of course, eventually show higher achievement on tests.

-The fourth essential feature is the focus on interpersonal and small group skills that students use in completing cooperative learning lessons.Working successfully in a team demands particular social skills, which are best learned and practiced in the context of real tasks.


In conclusions,cooperative learning not only stimulates cognition but also gives play to the multiple forms of intelligence that students bring to any shared task.In the context of their small learning team,students have a chance to identify and take advantage of each other's strengths and expand their own notions of how to approach a challenge.

Enjoy watching the videos...Bye.

This was the reflection of week 8.The date was on 22 November 2016.Ok,at this date,I read about Pedagogy in Education notes as my additional knowledge.I am passionate about this subject because this is my favourite subject.Ok,I just want to share several videos about this subject.

This video was quite meaningful when I watched it.This man was quite amazing.

This is the reflection of week 9.This was the week I was doing my mock teaching in the classroom for the first time for this year.The date was on 29 November 2016.I was going to teach the topic of adjectives Form 1.Ok,I am being honest,I was so nervous at that time but I was braved enough to overcome my nervousness to teach in front of the classroom and the good things was that I was not stutter to teach.At that time,I was prepared the whole things which were my lesson plan and teaching aids and also I prepared the handouts.

Futhermore,after I did my mock teaching,my friend named Razdi,he taught History subject for Form 2.The way he taught or should I say his mock teaching was so organized and at that time he was not so nervous.He prepared everything just like me to do the mock teaching.After that,my friend named Rita,she taught Malaysia Language subject Form 2.She also well prepared but her slides was very long.But she did a great job for her mock teaching.Her performance to do the mock teaching was incredible because she gave a lot of explanations about the topic of the subject.

Lastly,during the mock teaching,we were enjoying the moments together because we were paying attention to the mock teaching and participate to do the activities.

This is the topic of adjectives that I taught to my friends during my mock teaching.

Hi there,it is me again Stanley.Ok,today I am going to write my reflection on week 10.My reflection about week 10 is on this week.My class was on Tuesday which was on 6 December 2016 for Pedagogy in Education.Week 10 which is this week,Mr.Wan taught us about Topic 12 which was about Classroom Rules and Regulations for Effective Classroom Management.

What is a good classroom management?
-A good (an effective) teacher is one who is a good classroom manager.The following are some steps to ensure that the classroom is well organized.
a)A set of class rules posted in the classroom Rules are important to maintain  discipline.Example,students want to go to toilet....,there are rules to follow.

b)Arranges the classroom carefully to minimize disturbances,and provide students with a sense of confidence.

c)Teachers has to know the names of all the students in the class.

Why is a good classroom management important?
-A well organized and managed classroom is the first step to an effective teaching learning environment.A good classroom manager must also be a good organizer of academic content and instruction.

How does a teacher organize an academic content and instruction?
a)Teachers need to have a clear instructional plan (lesson plan).This will help students have a clear understandingof what they are expected to learn and be motivated to learn.

b)Teacher create the environment to learn at the beginning of the lesson.

This kind of video is quite interesting because it is all about the strategies on how to overcome a classroom management.

Hello....It is me again. Stanley is in the house....Hahahaaaaaaaa...
  Today,I want to give my reflection on week 7 which is this week.On 15 November 2016,Mr.Wan gave my friends and I a test for Pedagogy in Education subject.For me,this test was quite simple and not that hard.This test was asking a basic question for example like give a definition of teaching,education and learning.This three things I remembered until now.So,I just wrote a simple answer on each of the question and I did it.Unfortunately,there are some of the questions I could not remembered at all.Hahahaaaa...

Based on my opinion,everyone should get a good education in their life.Without education,we are nothing.

Hello.This is for the reflection of week 6.Yesterday which was on 8 November 2016,Mr.Wan taught  my friends and I about how to do a lesson plan.This kind of topic is quite interesting because I did my lesson plan during my internship programme last year.Last year,I taught primary school pupils which was primary 3 pupils.So,I kinda like to share about a few things about lesson plan.

 Lesson Plan.
a)Identifying learner preparation activities.
  -Getting the classroom ready.

b)Listing teaching-learning activities.
  -Creating personal prompts
  -Listing support technologies
  -Listing feedback instruments
  -Detaining follow-up activities

                                                Lesson Plan is very important because:
                                          -to achieve the objectives and goals
                                          -to guide the teacher
                                          -have a time management
                                          -the teacher will gain self-esteem
                                          -the teacher get to know the topic
                                          -the lesson goes smoothly
                                          -the other teacher will taking over the class that do not have a teacher to teach
                                            pupils or students.

Lastly,the teacher need to have a teaching aids.The purpose of having a teaching aids to deliver the subject very well in the classroom.This can attract the students or pupils attention in the classroom to avoid their self-bored during a teaching and learning programme in the classroom.The teacher should include all of the teaching aids in the lesson plan to make the planning of teaching more smoothly.

Hello....it is me again Stanley.This week is week 5.So,this week I have no class because of  Deepavali celebration break.I just want to share something special about what I am doing for this week .I always like to listen to music during my spare time instead of reading books.This is because I am quite enjoy listening to music because it is my passion or should I say it is my hobby.But sometimes,if I want to de-stress myself,I will listen to music that will make me to relax and reduced the stress.In this world,people don't want to stress themselves but to be happy.That is from me.

Today.I learn something new about the school of thoughts.For me, it is quite interesting.This is the video that is involved about learning.

Good morning,it is me again Stanley....Wow....it is 5:20 a.m in the morning.I quite seldom wake up early in the morning but I am today.Hahahaaaaa.....

 Today,I want to give my reflection about Mr.Wan lesson on 25 October 2016.This is for my week 4 reflection.

First of all,on 25 October 2016 which was on Tuesday,Mr Wan taught us about the school of thought that contribute to our knowledge of how students learn.They were cognitive domain,humanistic domain and behavioral domain.

For cognitive domain which is about educational objectives in the cognitive domain cause learners to engage in intellectual tasks for example like to recall,understand,apply,breakdown,combine,or judge the information given.Cognitive domain mostly using image which is involved.

Bloom's Cognitive Domain consists of:
-knowledge
-understanding/comprehension
-application

-analysis
-synthesis
-evaluation

Humanistic domain which is about learning and instruction is based upon humanistic education,which borrows heavily from social psychology.

Humanistic school of thought consists of:
-positive personal development
-feeling,attitudes,values
-acceptance,respect
-self-worth
-character
-efficacy
-making choices
-human needs
-individuality

Behavioral domain which is about in finding out how external,environmental stimuli cause overt or observable learner behavior and how modifying a learner's environment can change behavior.

Behavioral school of thought consists of:
-contiguity
-conditioning
-reinforcement
-modeling
-behavioral objective
-self-pacing
-"frames"
-baseline
-intervention

Hello there,it is me again.Stanley is back.....Huhuhuuuuu...

  Today,I want to reflect about my lesson which is Pedagogy in Education for the week 3.On Tuesday which was on 18 October 2016.My lecturer taught me and my friends about how to do a lesson plan.The way he taught us was very meaningful.The way he explained every details about how to do a lesson plan.At that day,I gave a full attentions about what he taught us.After that,he explained a lot of notes about Pedagogy in Education in the class.The way he taught us can make us attracted to him.Being honest,this semester,I give full attention to the lecturer which is Mr.Wan because he is an energetic lecturer.

   Futhermore,about lesson plan.I want to give my full attention about doing my lesson plan because last time before I am taking a bachelor programme in Unitar International University,I took Diploma in Tesl which is Diploma in Teaching English as Second Language in PTPL College Sarawak.Last time,I gave a 100 percent about doing a lot of lesson plans before I went for my internship in Sekolah Kebangsaan Siburan Batu in Kuching,Sarawak.I am quite amazed about what my lecturer is teaching in the class.I am paying more attention during his lesson.This is because if we are not paying attention,we will get lost.

  I am inspired about this movie which is Sister Act 2:Back in the Habits.This movie is comedy and musical movie.This movie always be my favourite and inspiration when it is come about education and life.

STANLEYSENTU_SW160100113

Hello, my name is Stanley Sentu ak Matthew Sayers.I am 23 years old.I am Iban mix Bidayuh for the races.I am taking Bachelor of Education in Unitar International University in Kuching,Sarawak in Malaysia.I am the eldest son of my family.I live in Kampung Siol Kandis in Petra Jaya.My hobbies are watching television,listening to music,reading books,cooking,and likes to shop.My favourite food is a Chinese food which is a Chinese noodles mix with soup.I like this kind of food since I was a kid.

   Ok,I want to talk about myself.The reason I want to take Bachelor of Education is because I really like education field.Before I am taking a degree programme,I am a former student from PTPL College Sarawak.In this campus,I am taking Diploma in Tesl which is Diploma in Teaching English as Second Language.This is because I really like English language a lot since I was in primary school.I am thankful to God because when I was taking Diploma in Tesl,my CGPA was 3.35.I am very happy at that time because my hard work paid off.I am very grateful about my own achievement.

    I have my own aim and goal.The first thing that I want to achieve is that I want to make my parents proud of me and I want to achieve my dream to be a good educator.